我很荣幸能够为大家解答关于biospheres的问题。这个问题集合囊括了biospheres的各个方面，我将从多个角度给出答案，以期能够满足您的需求。
1.2010中考英语作文。（关于世博）具体见问题补充。
2.帮忙翻译成中文
3.急求英文作文is it to live on mars？ 急急急急急急急急急急急急急急急急，十万火急
4.关于火星上的生命——其实已经有地球生物现在就可以在火星生存了
2010中考英语作文。（关于世博）具体见问题补充。
The World Expo in 2010
Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo. 1.The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia. So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians. Our government has promised that it will be the best one. And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly. As a student in Shanghai, I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners know more about Shanghai
2.Why do we set this theme?（为什么会确立这个主题呢？）
The core value can be interpreted as following: TheCity, built by people, has been evolving and growing into an organic system. People are the most dynamic cells with the best ability to innovatein this system. People’s life is close ly interactive with the urban morphology and development.（其核心思想可以这样理解：城市史人创造的，它不断地演进、演化和成长为一个有机系统。人是这个有机系统中最具活力和最富有创新能力的细胞。人的生活与城市的形态和发展密切互动。）
With the rapid urbanization, a more extensive relationship and interaction has been established between the city organic system and earth’s
biosphere and resource system. People, city and earth are just like three organic systems linking with each other and fusing into the integrity throughout the whole process of urban development. （随着城市化进程的加速，城市的有机系统与地球大生物圈和资源体系之间相互作用也日益加深和扩大。人、城市和地球三个有机系统环环相扣，这种关系贯穿了城市发展的历程，三者也将日益融合成为一个不可分割的整体。）
For further reflect of the theme "Better City, Better Life", five sub-themes are defined; the yare "Blending of Diverse Cultures in the
City", "Economic Prosperity of the City", "Innovation of Science and Technology in the City", "Remodeling of Urban Communities", and "Rural-urban Interaction". （为了更好地理解城市，让生活更美好，上海世博会还设有五个副主题分别是城市多元文化的融合、“城市经济的繁荣”、“城市科技的创新”、“城市社区的重塑”、“城市和乡村的互动”。
）
上海世博会相关英语作文范文一：
例文：如果我是世博会的志愿者
I would like to be a volunteer of EXPO 2010 in Shanghai in my spare time. My reasons are as follows:
First of all, it is a good virtue（精神） to help others, even in modern society. We all need others’ help in case（以防万一） we get into trouble. Secondly, we are able to better ourselves by helping others because we gain valuable experience and build up our confidence（建立自信） while serving others. What’s more（另外，更进一步地说）， volunteering makes us feel better about ourselves, thus making our life more enjoyable. More importantly（更重要的是）, we can make the world a better place to live in by volunteering to improve it.
In summary（总而言之），volunteering can make a difference to（改变） our life, so I think it is very rewarding（值得的） to be a volunteer.
上海世博会相关作文素材：
上海世博会对中国的影响
2010 World Expo will be held in Shanghai in China, this is the first time that China hosted（主办） the World Expo. （2010年世界博览会将会在我国上海举行，这是第一次由我国举办的世界博览会。）
The theme ofthe Expo is "Better City, Better Life". Organizers expected to attract 70 million visitors from around the world to attend, at the same time it is also the largest in the history of World Expo. （这次博览会的主题是“城市，让生活更美好”（BetterCity,BetterLife）。主办机构预计会吸引世界各地7000万人次前来参加，同时它也是世界博览会史上规模最大的。）
The emblem of the Expo with the main colors of green, expressing the Chinese people for the future, the pursuit of sustainable developmen tand create passion. （此次博览会的会徽以绿色为主色调，抒发了中国人民面向未来，追求可持续发展的创造激情。）
上海世博会相关英语作文范文二：
On December 3，2002（日期表示方式）， the Bureau of International Expositions (or call it
BIE) announced（宣布） that Shanghai will host Expo 2010. The BIE had received bids from five cities to host Expo 2010. Among the 5 nice cities, the BIE chose Shanghai at last（最后）! It’s really an exciting news for not only Shanghainese（上海人）, but also all of Chinese people. Here are some details（细节） about it. Look at this profile carefully. The title is “The 2010 World Exposition, Shanghai, China”. This is the logo. And the theme is “better city, better life”. OK, let’s guess who is the image representative（形象代言人）? Yeah, you’re right, YaoMing!
Shanghai Expo is the first comprehensive（综合性的） World Expo held in a developing country（发展中国家）. And it is also the first one that takes “the city” as its theme, hoping that it can push forward（推进） the city development and help bring about（带来） a better urban living environment, just like the theme: better city, better life.
I think, as a student in Shanghai, we should learn to be a gentle person and keep good manners from now on. And try to practice English more in order（为了。。。） to communicate with foreigners fluently in the near future. Because, we’re a part of Shanghai!
我想成为2010世博会的志愿者
The World Expo is a large-scale（大规模的）, global, non-commercial（非营利性的，非商业性的） Expo. The hosting of the World Expo must be applied for（申请） by a country and approved by the international World Expo committee（委员会）. Expo aims to（目标在于，旨在） promote（促进，推进） the exchange（交流） of ideas and development of the world economy, culture, science and technology, to allow exhibitors to publicise and display their achievements and improve international relationships.
Accordingly（从而，因此）， the World Expo with its 150-year history(具有150年历史的) is regarded as（被看做为，被视为） the Olympic Games of the economy, science and technology. Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo. The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia. So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for（是…的荣耀）all of the Asians. Our government has promised that（作出承诺） it will be the best one. And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly.
帮忙翻译成中文
上海世博会相关作文素材：
上海世博会主题：城市，让生活更美好
The theme of Expo 2010 is “Better City,Better Life”.（上海世博会的主题是“城市，让生活更美好”。）
Why do we set this theme?（为什么会确立这个主题呢？）
The core value can be interpreted as following: TheCity, built by people, has been evolving and growing into an organic system. People are the most dynamic cells with the best ability to innovatein this system. People’s life is close ly interactive with the urban morphology and development.（其核心思想可以这样理解：城市史人创造的，它不断地演进、演化和成长为一个有机系统。人是这个有机系统中最具活力和最富有创新能力的细胞。人的生活与城市的形态和发展密切互动。）
With the rapid urbanization, a more extensive relationship and interaction has been established between the city organic system and earth’s
biosphere and resource system. People, city and earth are just like three organic systems linking with each other and fusing into the integrity throughout the whole process of urban development. （随着城市化进程的加速，城市的有机系统与地球大生物圈和资源体系之间相互作用也日益加深和扩大。人、城市和地球三个有机系统环环相扣，这种关系贯穿了城市发展的历程，三者也将日益融合成为一个不可分割的整体。）
For further reflect of the theme "Better City, Better Life", five sub-themes are defined; the yare "Blending of Diverse Cultures in the
City", "Economic Prosperity of the City", "Innovation of Science and Technology in the City", "Remodeling of Urban Communities", and "Rural-urban Interaction". （为了更好地理解城市，让生活更美好，上海世博会还设有五个副主题分别是城市多元文化的融合、“城市经济的繁荣”、“城市科技的创新”、“城市社区的重塑”、“城市和乡村的互动”。
上海世博会相关英语作文范文一：
例文：如果我是世博会的志愿者
I would like to be a volunteer of EXPO 2010 in Shanghai in my spare time. My reasons are as follows:
First of all, it is a good virtue（精神） to help others, even in modern society. We all need others’ help in case（以防万一） we get into trouble. Secondly, we are able to better ourselves by helping others because we gain valuable experience and build up our confidence（建立自信） while serving others. What’s more（另外，更进一步地说）， volunteering makes us feel better about ourselves, thus making our life more enjoyable. More importantly（更重要的是）, we can make the world a better place to live in by volunteering to improve it.
In summary（总而言之），volunteering can make a difference to（改变） our life, so I think it is very rewarding（值得的） to be a volunteer.
上海世博会相关作文素材：
上海世博会对中国的影响
2010 World Expo will be held in Shanghai in China, this is the first time that China hosted（主办） the World Expo. （2010年世界博览会将会在我国上海举行，这是第一次由我国举办的世界博览会。）
The theme ofthe Expo is "Better City, Better Life". Organizers expected to attract 70 million visitors from around the world to attend, at the same time it is also the largest in the history of World Expo. （这次博览会的主题是“城市，让生活更美好”（BetterCity,BetterLife）。主办机构预计会吸引世界各地7000万人次前来参加，同时它也是世界博览会史上规模最大的。）
The emblem of the Expo with the main colors of green, expressing the Chinese people for the future, the pursuit of sustainable developmen tand create passion. （此次博览会的会徽以绿色为主色调，抒发了中国人民面向未来，追求可持续发展的创造激情。）
上海世博会相关英语作文范文二：
On December 3，2002（日期表示方式）， the Bureau of International Expositions (or call it
BIE) announced（宣布） that Shanghai will host Expo 2010. The BIE had received bids from five cities to host Expo 2010. Among the 5 nice cities, the BIE chose Shanghai at last（最后）! It’s really an exciting news for not only Shanghainese（上海人）, but also all of Chinese people. Here are some details（细节） about it. Look at this profile carefully. The title is “The 2010 World Exposition, Shanghai, China”. This is the logo. And the theme is “better city, better life”. OK, let’s guess who is the image representative（形象代言人）? Yeah, you’re right, YaoMing!
Shanghai Expo is the first comprehensive（综合性的） World Expo held in a developing country（发展中国家）. And it is also the first one that takes “the city” as its theme, hoping that it can push forward（推进） the city development and help bring about（带来） a better urban living environment, just like the theme: better city, better life.
I think, as a student in Shanghai, we should learn to be a gentle person and keep good manners from now on. And try to practice English more in order（为了。。。） to communicate with foreigners fluently in the near future. Because, we’re a part of Shanghai!
我想成为2010世博会的志愿者
The World Expo is a large-scale（大规模的）, global, non-commercial（非营利性的，非商业性的） Expo. The hosting of the World Expo must be applied for（申请） by a country and approved by the international World Expo committee（委员会）. Expo aims to（目标在于，旨在） promote（促进，推进） the exchange（交流） of ideas and development of the world economy, culture, science and technology, to allow exhibitors to publicise and display their achievements and improve international relationships.
Accordingly（从而，因此）， the World Expo with its 150-year history(具有150年历史的) is regarded as（被看做为，被视为） the Olympic Games of the economy, science and technology. Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo. The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia. So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for（是…的荣耀）all of the Asians. Our government has promised that（作出承诺） it will be the best one. And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly.
As a student in Shanghai, I should learn English well so that I can be a
急求英文作文is it to live on mars？ 急急急急急急急急急急急急急急急急，十万火急
Environmental crime prevention
Environmental crime prevention encompasses a range of substantive considerations. It must deal with acts and omissions that are already criminalised and prohibited, such as illegal fishing or illegal dumping of toxic waste. It must also come to grips with events that have yet to be designated officially as 'harmful' but which show evidence of exhibiting potentially negative consequences. Environmental crime prevention likewise has to negotiate different types of harms, as these affect humans, local and global environments, and non-human animals.
The aims and objectives of environmental crime prevention are inseparable from eco-philosophy. That is, what it is we are trying to prevent is linked to how we view human interests, the needs and requirements of specific biospheres, and the rights of non-human animals (White 2007a; White 2008). Environmental crime prevention also therefore encapsulates particular visions of 'the good society'. Crime prevention of any type always has ramifications for the kind of world within which we live, and the balance we make between liberty and social control (Sutton, Cherney & White 2008). For example, a strong ecological stance could well justify the prohibition of people from going into any wilderness area whatsoever, on the basis of preventing human interference in such areas. Whether alternatives are possible or should be made available is exactly what the political deliberations over crime prevention would have to address. The answer depends upon the specific vision - the perceived relationship between 'nature', society and animals - which is seen as ideal at any particular point in time.：
环境犯罪预防
环境预防犯罪包括一系列实质性的考虑。它必须处理的行为和不行为，已经刑事犯罪和禁止，如非法捕鱼或非法倾倒有毒废料。它也必须要应付的事件还没有得到正式指定为'有害' ，但显示的证据展示潜在的不利后果。环境预防犯罪同样具有谈判不同类型的危害，因为这些影响到人类，当地和全球环境，和非人类的动物。
的宗旨和目标，环境预防犯罪是分不开的生态哲学。也就是说，它是什么，我们正在努力防止链接到我们如何看待人类的利益，需要和要求，具体的生物圈，和权利的非人类的动物（白2007a ;白宫2008年） 。环境预防犯罪也因此特别愿景概括'的良好社会' 。预防犯罪中的任何类型的影响始终的那种世界，我们生活在其中，而且我们之间的平衡自由与社会控制（萨顿，切尼和白宫2008年） 。例如，一个强大的生态立场很可能证明，禁止人们进入任何领域都荒野的基础上，防止人为干扰等领域。是否有可能替代或应提供正是政治的讨论预防犯罪必须解决。答案取决于具体构想-知觉之间的关系，自然，社会和动物-这被视为是理想的在任何特定的时间点。
关于火星上的生命——其实已经有地球生物现在就可以在火星生存了
Currently research is going to creating biospheres. closed spaces which can sustain a climate (Heat. water. air) etc such biospheres exist and are in use on Earth right now. The main issue we would face in building one on Mars is getting all the parts there enough Heat light and air to get the thing started in the first place.
Mars is not as close to Earth as Venus is, but it probably is the only planet in our solar system that we can colonize. But living there won’t be simple.
Mars is poorly suited for human habitation. There’s some ice at the poles and perhaps some water in underground repositories. Gravity is only 38 percent as strong as on Earth. The atmosphere is thin and consists mostly of carbon dioxide (95%). So colonists would have to either take air from Earth or make air on Mars. Plants efficiently separate the oxygen bound to carbon and therefore can make air we can breathe, so colonists should take plants along.
The Martian atmosphere is too thin to hold oxygen, which would just escape to space. So the plants would have to be cultivated in greenhouses and the oxygen they produce kept in flasks.
Mars has a very weak magnetic field, and its atmosphere offers little protection against radiation from space. So the Martian colonists would have to build radiation protection into their houses and wear thick suits. Unlike Earth, where most incoming meteorites burn up in the atmosphere, many meteorites crash dangerously onto the surface of Mars.
The Martian weather is awful. It’s cold: the average temperature of the southern hemisphere is minus 60 degrees Celsius; even at the equator, it’s seldom over zero. Winds are fierce and blow at speeds of several hundred kilometres an hour, and storms can last for months. The wind whirls up fine dust that penetrates everything and sticks to all surfaces, which literally would toss sand in the gears of vital mechanical and electronic equipment.
Today, there are no concrete, approved plans for sending people to Mars. The earliest date mentioned in official papers is 2019, which would be 50 years after the first Moon landing.
2
In the old days - and by old I mean hundreds of hundreds of years ago - the planet Mars was the stuff of legends. Astronomers would peer through there tiny lens and see a bright red dot. Later when telescopes became more advanced, so did the image of planet mars. Through the eyes of those young astronmars the planet Mars was a place where a great civiliaztion once lived.
It was once imagined like this:
The planet Mars was a wonderful world, full of heroes, of villians, of life. But the planet was dying and in a last ditch effort to save the planet the civilization tried to build a system of canals. At least that's what it appeared to the eyes and minds of humans a hundred years ago.
Of course the canals were merely an illusion and the planet Mars was found to be place that held more secrets than the ones it showed. Planet Mars living? There were no signs. The red planet was a planet that was more like an endless desert of red dust.
The mysteries have grown - and so have the answers.
自从我们发现火星以后，由于其表面存在较厚的大气和液态水，最简单的生物体完全有可能在那里开始进化，因此，科学家们一直上面可能存在生命。各种科幻小说、**作品，也对火星存在生命的题材做出大胆的想象。甚至，现在有很多人希望有朝一日让火星成为人类家园，并在为有朝一日重建这些条件（即有利于生命的条件）而努力。但最近根据阿肯色大学空间与行星科学中心（ACSPs）研究人员的研究结果表明，有些陆地生物可以像今天这样在火星上生存——有四种产甲烷微生物（又称 产甲烷菌，是 专性厌氧菌 ，属于 古菌域 ，广域古菌界，宽广 古生菌 门 ）能够承受火星上最严苛的生存条件，能够在它的低压大气环境中生存。
这项研究题为“水环境中产甲烷菌的低压耐受性：对火星地下生命的影响”，最近发表在《生命起源和生物圈进化》杂志（ Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres ）上。研究团队测试了四种不同类型的产甲烷菌的生存能力，以分析它们如何在类似于火星地下的环境中生存。
由于产甲烷菌是一种不需要氧气的微生物，因此可以在我们认为是“极端环境”的类火星环境中生存。在地球上，产甲烷菌在湿地、海洋环境中很常见，甚至在动物的消化道中也很常见——它们在消化道中消耗氢气和二氧化碳，产生甲烷这一代谢副产品。
另一方面，在NASA的几次火星 探索 任务所中，在火星的大气层中也发现了甲烷。虽然这种甲烷的来源尚未确定，但有人认为它可能是由生活在火星地表之下的产甲烷菌产生的。当然，火星上有很多可能替代甲烷的物质，这仍然被认为是有争议的。
科学家们在过去20年里为深入了解火星环境，做出了各种持续的研究和努力 探索 ，其中就包括了围绕四种特定的产甲烷菌菌株——沃尔夫甲烷热杆菌、巴克利甲烷八叠球菌、甲酸甲烷杆菌、马里帕卢迪甲烷球菌——是否能在火星上存活的研究课题。虽然看起来，这些菌株可以忍受低氧和辐射环境（如果在地下），但如果再加上类似火星的极低气压呢？
在NASA外生物学和进化生物学项目（NASA天体生物学项目的一部分）的帮助下，研究团队采用了一种新的方法来检测这些产甲烷菌。这包括将它们放置在一系列试管中，并添加污垢和液体来模拟火星地下含水层。然后给试验样本注入氢气，并抽滤掉其中的氧气。
在完成试验气体环境布置后，依靠Pegasus舱（一种由ACSP在其W.M.凯克实验室操作的行星模拟仪器），将这些微生物置于类似火星的压力条件下，看看它们能够生存多久。试验发现，这些产甲烷菌都能在6至143毫巴的压力下存活3至21天。
这项研究表明，某些种类的微生物的生存并不依赖于浓密大气的存在。研究还表明，这些特定种类的产甲烷菌能够经受与火星大气的周期性接触。这一切都预示着火星甲烷是很有可能 以有机方式产生的——在地下潮湿环境中。
这是一个特别好的消息，因为NASA的 HiRISE （High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment,高分辨率成像科学实验照相机）提供了有关火星反复出现的坡度线的证据，该证据表明，火星表面的液态水柱与地下更深层次之间可能存在联系。如果事实证明是这样，那么在水柱中运输的生物体将能够承受运输过程中不断变化的压力。
这项研究的后续计划，是研究这些生物体如何抵抗温度。因为火星表面温度是非常低的，通常在夜间降至-100?C。在一年中最热的一天，中午的温度可能会上升到冰点以上。因此，后面的试验会在冰点以上进行，但寒冷的温度会限制液体介质的蒸发，这将创造一个更接近火星的环境。
一段时间以来，科学家们一直怀疑火星上仍有生命存在，它们隐藏在火星车尚未到达的凹坑和洞穴中。本项研究证实了这种菌株确实可以在火星目前严峻的条件下存在，这将有助于大大缩小搜索范围。
在未来几年里，随着更多火星任务的部署（比如NASA利用地震调查、大地测量和热传输（InSight）着陆器进行的内部探测，计划于2023年5月发射），我们将能够探测到这颗红色星球的更深处。随着前期火星探测样本返回任务的执行，我们可能最终会找到火星上生命的一些直接证据！
好了，今天关于“biospheres”的话题就讲到这里了。希望大家能够通过我的介绍对“biospheres”有更全面的认识，并且能够在今后的实践中更好地运用所学知识。如果您有任何问题或需要进一步的信息，请随时告诉我。
